# Tiny Core Linux 安装配置 Date: 2020-09-01 ## 简介 `Tiny Core Linux`是一个`mini Linux`操作系统,基于 `BusyBox`和`FLTK`提供基本功能。 其发行版本在`11M-16M` 官网上也提供`Plus`版本也只有`106M`。它很精致。 ## 安装 ### 操作系统安装 #### 镜像下载 下载页面 [http://tinycorelinux.net/downloads.html](http://tinycorelinux.net/downloads.html) 我下载了两个版本镜像: - x86版本: `TinyCore-11.1.iso` - x86\_64位版本:`TinyCorePure64-11.1.iso` #### 环境准备 我们使用的`vmware` 首先新建一个`linux`虚拟机， 我选的版本是`其他Linux5.x或更高版本内核64位`, 并添加了两块`SATA`的硬盘（默认的SCSI硬盘识别似乎有些问题） #### 开始安装 安装过程主要下面三个步骤 ： - 光盘启动操作系统; - 配置网络 - 下载安装脚本安装; 1 . **选择镜像**: 光盘镜像选择 x86版本:`TinyCore-11.1.iso` (不影响安装) 2 . **启动系统**: 启动后会出现四个选项, 选择第三项 ```C Boot TinyCore Boot TinyCore (on slow devices, waitusb=5) Boot Core (command line only) Boot Core (command line only on slow devices, waitusb=5) ``` 可以看到系统后进入命令行窗口，但是这种模式下进行操作重启将全部丢失。要保留我们相关配置,需要挂载硬盘。 3 . **配置网络**: 配置网卡地址路由及域名服务器。 ```C sudo ifconfig eth0 192.168.xxx.202 netmask 255.255.255.0 sudo route add default gw 192.168.xxx.1 dev eth0 sudo echo nameserver 192.168.xxx.1 >> /etc/resolv.conf ``` 4 . **下载安装脚本**: 会联机下载相关安装包 ```C tce-load -wi tc-install.tcz ``` 5 . **安装**: - 启动安装脚本 ```C sudo tc-install.sh ``` - 选择`c`从光盘启动 ```C Core Installation. Install from [R]unning OS, from booted [C]drom, from [I]so file, or from [N]et. (r/c/i/n): c ``` - 选择`f`安装到本地硬盘 ```C Select install type for /mnt/sr0/boot/core.gz Frugal * Use for frugal hard drive installations. Note: You will be prompted for disk/partion and formatting options. HDD * Use for pendrives. Your BIOS must support USB-HDD booting. * A single FAT partition will be made. Note: Requires dosfstools extension. Warning: This is a whole drive installation! Zip * Use for pendrives. Drive will be formatted into two FAT partitions. * One small one for USB_ZIP boot compatibility, and used to hold Tiny Core. * The remaining partition will be used for backup & extensions. Note: Requires dosfstools and perl extensions. Warning: This is a whole drive installation! Select Install type [F]rugal, [H]DD, [Z]ip. (f/h/z): f ``` - 选择`1`使用整个硬盘安装 ```C Select Target for Installation of core 1. Whole Disk 2. Partition Enter selection ( 1 - 2 ) or (q)uit: 1 ``` - 选择`1`安装到第一块硬盘上 ```C Select disk for core 1. sda 2. sdb Enter selection ( 1 - 2 ) or (q)uit: 1 ``` - 安装`bootloader`选择`y` ```C Would you like to install a bootloader? Most people should answer yes unless they are trying to embed Core into a different Linux distribution with an existing bootloader. Enter selection ( y, n ) or (q)uit: y Install Extensions from this TCE/CDE Directory: ``` - 选择分区格式 `ext4` ```C Select Formatting Option for sda 1. ext2 2. ext3 3. ext4 4. vfat Enter selection ( 1 - 4 ) or (q)uit: 3 ``` - 设置一些启动选项, 这里先不输入， 直接回车 ```C Enter space separated boot options: Example: vga=normal syslog showapps waitusb=5 ``` - 选择`y`,开始安装 ```C Last chance to exit before destroying all data on sda Continue (y/..)? ``` - 安装完毕后有以下信息回显, 安装完毕. ```C Writing zero's to beginning of /dev/sda Partitioning /dev/sda Formatting /dev/sda1 mke2fs 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019) 1+0 records in 1+0 records out 440 bytes (440B) copied, 0.000846 seconds, 507.9KB/s UUID="XXXXXXX" Applying syslinux. /mnt/drive/tce/boot/extlinux is device /dev/sda1 Setting up core image on /mnt/sda1 Installation has completed Press Enter key to continue. ``` 按照这个步骤把第二块硬盘也安装一下. 第二块硬盘使用镜像 `TinyCorePure64-11.1.iso` 安装, 使用`umount`卸载原有`x86`镜像，`mount`重新挂载新的镜像。 ```C sudo umount /dev/sr0 ... sudo mount /dev/sr0 ``` 6 . **重启动**，进入配置阶段 ## 配置 启动后默认进入`X86`版本系统, 下面开始配置`grub2`,`openssh`等，其中需要注意的是 `Tiny linux`相关设置如果不执行`filetool.sh`, 只是临时生效，重启系统就会丢失。 相关软件包安装需要先配置网络然后联网通过`tce`工具下载即可, 如果要长期使用需要做持久化处理。 ### 网络配置 配置网络并支持永久生效 - 生成文件/opt/eth0.sh 文件内容: ```C sudo ifconfig eth0 192.168.xxx.202 netmask 255.255.255.0 sudo route add default gw 192.168.xxx.1 dev eth0 sudo echo nameserver 192.168.xxx.1 >> /etc/resolv.conf ``` - 增加可执行权限 ```C chmod 755 /opt/eth0.sh sudo /opt/eth0.sh ``` - 设置开机启动及永久生效 ```C sudo echo "/opt/eth0.sh" >> /opt/.filetool.lst sudo chmod 775 /opt/bootlocal.sh sudo echo "/opt/eth0.sh &" >> /opt/bootlocal.sh filetool.sh -b ``` ### 开机启动配置 - 联网后使用`tce`安装`grub2` ```C tce-load -wi grub2-multi.tcz sudo grub-install --target=i386-pc --boot-directory=/mnt/sda1/boot /dev/sda ``` - 生成 `grub.cfg`文件 ```C menuentry "x86" { set root=(hd0, 1) linux /tce/boot/vmlinuz tce=sda1 initrd /tce/bot/core.gz } menuentry "x86_64" { set root=(hd1, 1) linux /tce/boot/vmlinuz64 tce=sdb1 initrd /tce/bot/corepure64.gz } ``` 这部分修改由于本事就在硬盘上不需要做持久化处理, 重新启动就可以看到grub2启动界面 ``` *x86 x86_64 ``` ### openssh配置 - 如果需要远程登录可以安装`openssh` ```C tce-load -wi openssh.tcz ``` - 相关配置文件生成 ```C cd /usr/local/etc/ssh sudo cp sshd_config.orig sshd_config ``` - 设置密码 ```C passwd ``` - 持久化处理 ```C sudo echo '/usr/local/etc/ssh' >> /opt/.filetool.lst sudo echo '/etc/shadow' >> /opt/.filetool.lst filetool.sh -b sudo echo '/usr/local/etc/init.d/openssh start &' >> /opt/bootlocal.sh ``` - 配置免密 生成SSH key, 使用 `ssh-keygen`或`PuTTY Key Generator`可以生成公私钥对, 公钥上传服务器`/home/tc/.ssh`目录命名为`authorized_keys` - 相关问题 安装过程中报错 : server refused our key - 公钥格式： 如果使用 `putty key generator`界面上会提示要拷贝的公钥文件内容,需要改为 openssh 使用的公钥格式, 或者使用下面命令转换 ```C ssh-keygen -i -f 公钥文件名 ``` - 权限调整:去掉组权限 ```C chmod 700 ~/.ssh chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys ``` - 永久保存处理 ```C sudo echo '/home/tc/.ssh/' >> /opt/.filetool.lst filetool.sh -b ``` 这样就可以通过ssh远程免密登录了 ### 新增硬盘 - 安装`gdisk` ```C tce-load -wi gdisk.tcz ``` - 使用`gdisk` 创建两个`500M`分区, 重启生效 ```C brw-rw---- 1 root staff 8, 33 Sep 2 04:51 /dev/sdc1 brw-rw---- 1 root staff 8, 34 Sep 2 04:51 /dev/sdc2 ``` - 格式化 ```C mkfs.ext2 /dev/sdc1 mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdc2 ``` - 修改`/etc/fstab` ```C /etc/fstab /dev/sdc1 /mnt/sdc1 ext2 noauto,users,exec 0 0 # Added by TC /dev/sdc2 /mnt/sdc2 ext3 noauto,users,exec 0 0 # Added by TC ``` - 修改`bootlocal.sh`启动后自动挂载 ```C echo "sudo mount /dev/sdc1 &" >> /opt/bootlocal.sh echo "sudo mount /dev/sdc2 &" >> /opt/bootlocal.sh filetool.sh -b sudo reboot ... $ mount rootfs on / type rootfs (rw,size=633520k,nr_inodes=223783) ... /dev/sdc1 on /mnt/sdc1 type ext2 (rw,relatime) /dev/sdc2 on /mnt/sdc2 type ext3 (rw,relatime) ``` ## 参考 [Assign Persistent Static IP Address to Tiny Core Linux](https://iotbytes.wordpress.com/assign-persistent-static-ip-address-to-microcore-tiny-linux/) [Install Tiny Core Linux on Local Disk (Frugal)](https://iotbytes.wordpress.com/install-microcore-tiny-linux-on-local-disk/) [Configure SSH Server on Tiny Core Linux using openSSH](https://iotbytes.wordpress.com/configure-ssh-server-on-microcore-tiny-linux/) [Trying to do ssh authentication with key files: server refused our key](https://askubuntu.com/questions/306798/trying-to-do-ssh-authentication-with-key-files-server-refused-our-key#comment1049569_662066)