查看Linux分区和硬盘空间命令

常用的硬盘分区及空间信息查看命令

lsblk： 列出所有的block设备， 但是只显示大小不显示使用率，还可以显示为挂在的设备

[root@centosgpt grub2]# lsblk
NAME                      MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINT
sda                         8:0    0  100G  0 disk
├─sda1                      8:1    0    2M  0 part
├─sda2                      8:2    0    1G  0 part  /boot
├─sda3                      8:3    0   59G  0 part
│ ├─centos-root           253:0    0   50G  0 lvm   /
│ ├─centos-swap           253:1    0    4G  0 lvm   [SWAP]
│ └─centos-home           253:4    0    5G  0 lvm   /home
├─sda5                      8:5    0    1G  0 part
│ └─md0                     9:0    0    2G  0 raid5
│   └─raidvg-raidlv       253:2    0  1.5G  0 lvm   /srv/raidlvm

sdb                         8:16   0   20G  0 disk
├─sdb1                      8:17   0    1M  0 part
├─sdb2                      8:18   0    1G  0 part
└─sdb3                      8:19   0   19G  0 part
  └─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:3    0    4G  0 lvm
sr0                        11:0    1  748M  0 rom

blkid 列出设备的属性比如uuid或者使用文件系统类型

[root@centosgpt grub2]# blkid
/dev/sr0: UUID="2019-04-16-20-20-34-00" LABEL="Ubuntu-Server 19.04 amd64" TYPE="iso9660" PTTYPE="dos"
/dev/sdb1: PARTUUID="5bb86b73-7f4f-42c3-8a8c-d9bd1744ffee"
/dev/sda1: PARTUUID="da862574-be0e-4364-b954-ac2e2ff51659"

lshw 打印硬件信息

[root@centosgpt ~]# lshw -class disk
  *-cdrom
       description: DVD-RAM writer
       product: VMware IDE CDR10
       vendor: NECVMWar
       physical id: 0.0.0
       bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0
       logical name: /dev/cdrom
       logical name: /dev/sr0
       version: 1.00
       capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r dvd-ram
       configuration: ansiversion=5 status=ready
     *-medium
          physical id: 0
          logical name: /dev/cdrom
          capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
          configuration: signature=73a9f942
  *-disk:0
       description: SCSI Disk
       product: VMware Virtual S
       vendor: VMware,
       physical id: 0.0.0
       bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0
       logical name: /dev/sda
       version: 1.0
       size: 100GiB (107GB)
       capabilities: 7200rpm gpt-1.00 partitioned partitioned:gpt
       configuration: ansiversion=2 guid=6f9e1f55-c4aa-4230-a765-601e0ce4953f logicalsectorsize=512 sectorsize=512

fdisk/gdisk：格式化硬盘分区工具

[root@centosgpt ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sda
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.

Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: 6F9E1F55-C4AA-4230-A765-601E0CE4953F

#         Start          End    Size  Type            Name
 1         2048         6143      2M  BIOS boot
 2         6144      2103295      1G  Microsoft basic
 3      2103296    125843455     59G  Linux LVM
 5    125843456    127940607      1G  Linux RAID      Linux RAID
 6    127940608    130037759      1G  Linux RAID      Linux RAID
 7    130037760    132134911      1G  Linux RAID      Linux RAID

parted： 分区工具

[root@centosgpt ~]# parted /dev/sda print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 107GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: pmbr_boot

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name        Flags
 1      1049kB  3146kB  2097kB                           bios_grub
 2      3146kB  1077MB  1074MB  xfs
 3      1077MB  64.4GB  63.4GB                           lvm
 5      64.4GB  65.5GB  1074MB               Linux RAID  raid
 6      65.5GB  66.6GB  1074MB               Linux RAID  raid
 7      66.6GB  67.7GB  1074MB               Linux RAID  raid

df：可以显示文件系统及使用情况

[root@centosgpt ~]# df
Filesystem                1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root    52403200 4505552  47897648   9% /
devtmpfs                     920572       0    920572   0% /dev
tmpfs                        932652       0    932652   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                        932652    9788    922864   2% /run
tmpfs                        932652       0    932652   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2                   1038336  207620    830716  20% /boot
/dev/mapper/raidvg-raidlv   1558528   33072   1525456   3% /srv/raidlvm
/dev/mapper/centos-home     5232640  132072   5100568   3% /home
tmpfs                        186532       0    186532   0% /run/user/0

lsscsi：显示SCSI设备信息

[root@centosgpt ~]# lsscsi
[0:0:0:0]    disk    VMware,  VMware Virtual S 1.0   /dev/sda
[0:0:1:0]    disk    VMware,  VMware Virtual S 1.0   /dev/sdb
[2:0:0:0]    cd/dvd  NECVMWar VMware IDE CDR10 1.00  /dev/sr0
[root@centosgpt ~]#

mount 挂在，卸载，显示挂载文件系统

[root@centosgpt ~]# mount
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
devtmpfs on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,seclabel,size=920572k,nr_inodes=230143,mode=755)
securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,seclabel)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,seclabel,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,seclabel,mode=755)
tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,seclabel,mode=755)

参考:

Linux查看文件信息

9 commands to check hard disk partitions and disk space on Linux